Buddhist Ideas and Practices in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Buddhist Ideas and Practices in China - Essay Example One of the ways in which Buddhism entered into China was through a translation, which involved selection of terms for explaining the Buddhist conceptions in Chinese; thus, they applied Taoist expressions to translate. Chinese people commenced to relate Buddhism with the existence of Taoist tradition, and they later understood the teachings of Buddha. Buddhist text continues despite, a period of political disunity after the fall of Han Dynasty during the third century, which was associated with unrest caused by war. There was increased popularity in this period, whereby the Chinese monks became aggressively concerned in the establishment of monasteries and teaching Buddhist knowledge. There were rules established with a devotion to the Buddhist, which led to the construction of such temples and participation in Buddhist ceremonies public talks, thereby expanding the rulers on the earlier catalogs on Buddhist texts.Entry of Buddhism was facilitated by a Chinese monk referred to as Dao- an, in the fourth century, though he shifted from one place to another due to the political instability, he wrote and lectured about Buddhist teachings. He also gathered copies of translated scriptures, prepared a catalog, and invited translators such as Kumarajiva, from Kucha.Kumarajiva applied Dao-an's disciples in the translation of numerous texts and revised the Chinese translations.His translations became popular thus contributing to the spread of Buddhism in China, and some of these translations have been used even in the present days.

ICT in Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

ICT in Manufacturing Essay In the face of ever-increasing competition from international market, many labour-intensive manufacturing companies face a stark choice: automation, or evaporate. Here are some of the many ways in which computers are used in the manufacturing world. Order entry and processing systems accept and process customer orders. A fully integrated system will also calculate the quantity and cost of materials needed to make the items ordered, produce reports on any shortages of materials in stock that need to be ordered and raise the purchase order. It will then track the progress of the order through the manufacturing process so that customer queries can be answered. Project management software provides management with the information necessary to keep projects within budget and on time. Reports can be produced showing actual costs versus projected costs, and the number of days ahead or behind schedule. Expert systems can be used in a multitude of ways from calculating the cost of a new multi-storey office block to detecting when a batch of beer is ready for the next stage of the brewing process. Bass the brewers has built a machine that can perform the daunting task of smelling beer and deciding if its up to snuff. The technology that makes this possible is neural computing, the revolutionary process that mimics the way the human brain works. The artificial nose makes a complex series of judgements based on the electrochemical stimuli received by its gas sensors, and could save the brewers a fortune. By detecting an over-active yeast or a weak crop of hops at an early stage in the fermentation process, the nose could save us having to throw away a whole batch 345,600 pints of beer, explained Ian Morris of Bass. It is not just brewers who are interested in the artificial nose. Manufacturers of instant coffee, perfume and other aromatic products are spending huge sums, in co-operation with researchers at several universities, to build a better-than-human olfactory sensor. Source: Garth Alexander, The Sunday Times 19 September 1993. CAD systems allow designers and engineers to create designs on screen for thousands of products ranging from the tiniest computer chip to bridges, buildings and aeroplanes. The software allows users to create 3-dimensional solid models with physical characters like volume, weight and centre of gravity. The models can be rotated and viewed from any angle, edited and sorted. The computer can perform calculations to evaluate its performance under different stresses, or crash-test a new design of a car before it is even manufactured. Animation software can be used to enable a viewer to Walk through a 3-D model of say, a building that exists only in the computers memory. Precimax was founded in 1988 and has grown to a 30-employee company with an anticipated turnover in 1997 of i 1. 4 million. It offers a full manufacturing service from initial design through to supply of fully finished components and assembles. Production is predominantly on CNC (computer numeric control) turning and machining centres, and programs can be created from customers drawings or directly from CAD via modem or disk. Batches range from one-off up to 5,000, but are more typically in the 50 to 500 brackets. In size, turned components measure up to 250mm diameter. Precimax is a major supplier of components for train braking and door systems and is currently producing parts for use in the platform edge doors for London Undergrounds Jubilee Line extension. It also has a contract with a postal equipment manufacturer for monthly deliveries of rollers and other parts for letter-sorting machines. Precimax uses Datatrack for Windows for keeping track of its annual 3,000 orders. The system includes estimating and quoting sales order processing, purchasing, job costing and delivery. The commercial director commented, A system to handle this level of business is essential. Without it, we would be lost. It enables us to control cost and better understand our customers and manufacture. It gives us accurate information, so we can communicate with our customers on cost and deliveries quickly and with confidence.

Research Into The External Environment Of Barclays Bank Finance Essay

Research Into The External Environment Of Barclays Bank Finance Essay Barclays is a global financial services provider deals with retail and commercial banking, credit cards, investment banking, wealth management and investment management services all over the world. Barclays offers personal banking services to its customers all over the world and provides a variety of other products like loans, debit card, saving account, insurance, online banking etc. 1.1 AIMS/PURPOSES The purpose of this report is to review recent research into the external environment of Barclays Bank and provide strategic recommendations for senior managers of the organisation. 1.2 CONTEXT Barclays started its business from london 300 years back, and now Barclays has established enterprises across Europe, Africa, the Americas and the Asia-Pacific region and gives employment to approximately 145,000 people. Barclays has almost 49 million customers and clients worldwide. Barclays has so many achievements in his name. In 1958 Barclays appointed the UKs first female branch manager. In 1961 Barclays opened the UKs first computer center for banking. In 1966 Barclays launches Barclays card, Uks first credit card. In 1967 Barclays opened worlds first ATM. In 1986 Barclays was the first British bank to have shares listed on New York Stock Exchange. In 1987 Barclays launched Barclays connect, the UKs first debit card. In 1995 Barclays was the first financial institution to launch its website. In 1999 Barclays was the first UK bank to offer customers a mortgage in euros to buy a british home. In 2008 Barclays was the first bank in UK to announce a mass roll-out of contactless-enabled debit card. (Barclays, 2010) 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT The first part of this report would examine and analyse the external environment of Barclays Bank, while the second part would give recommendations to mitigate its impact on the internal environment looking at what management structure and strategy that could be used. The final pact of the report would give a conclusion on the findings and limitations of the reports findings. 2.0 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Macro (External) Factors are seemingly uncontrolled by companies. They include factors like Political Factors, Economic and Competition Factors, Social Factors, Technological Factors and Legal Factors. Since Barclays Bank comes in Macro Factors, its strategic planning must include an analysis for Macro Factors. This purpose of report both includes SWOT and PEST analysis of tools. 2.1 POLITICAL FACTORS The Political Factors of a Bank includes measures of government stability and political risk in that country. Banking Sectors are affected by political factors and government rules and regulations, and as Barclays Bank one of the historical bank and has branches all over the world, expected to bond with government rules and feel the heat of politics in business and at time political factors doesnt allow banks to grow its business. For example the tax for Barclays to do its business in India will not be same as it is in UK. And also different-different country has different- different rules for its banking industry. According to Treanor report Senior bankers are complaining that political interference is the biggest risk facing their industry despite the billions of pounds of taxpayer money being used to prop up the banking system. One of the bankign leader at Pwc said With political interference as the top risk and too much regulation at number three, the concern is that the financial crisis has taken the banking industrys future out of its own hands.(Treanor,2010) Barclays president Bob Diamond also opposed political interference in banking sector. (Treanor, 2010) The UK Prime Minister said for a more responsible banking, in which he said banks are the servants of economy and society and never its master. He said banks should have help UK business by giving them loans. (BBC, 2009) 2.2 ECONOMIC AND COMPETITION FACTORS Due to the large number of banks in market, Barclays Bank is facing a huge competition in market. Barclays was rapidly losing market share to Bank of Scotland and mainland European banks according to survey by the Manchester Business School.(Trapp,1992) Bank of Scotland was regarded as the toughest bank, but it is felt to offer a better service. Smaller banks, such as the Co-op, Abbey National, Bank of Wales and Yorkshire, were considered less aggressive than the main hight street clearers in terms of fees and pricing. (Trapp, 1992) The Independent (2009) report says Barclays Bank faced a new challenge as credit ratings Moodys cut its rating by two full notches, leading to a one-tenth fall in its share price. (Robbins,2009) The existing recession also played a major role in affecting the business of banks. In 2008, Barclays profit fell by 14% while variable remuneration fell by 48%. At all level Barclays employees lost in  £2bn of personal wealth in 2007 and 2008. (BBC NEWS,2009) 2.3 SOCIAL FACTORS Social factor plays a major role in banks development and banks enterprise. Bank should win the heart of its customers to maintain its reputation. It should make a strong bond with customers. According to BBC News report, in April 2000 Barclays closed its 171 branches, many of them were in rural areas. Because of that Barclays had suffered from a spate of bad publicity. (BBC NEWS, 2000) On February, 2010 increasing overdraft charges on two million of its account holders created a bit concern for Barclays bank customers. However Barclays said eight million customers with standard current accounts would not be a hit by higher changes, and banks has not changed the rates paid by its credit card customers in UK. However customers reacted angrily against Barclays bank. (Moore,2010) 2.4 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS The modern Technology which making customers life easy in banks, creating big problem regarding the security and privacy of their account details. Customers face problem in loging on and doing online banking. Many customers in country side areas dont have much knowledge about online banking, bill payments and online transfer funds. Some Customers feel unsecured doing online banking. In January 2010 many account holders were not able to check balances and transfer money via online banking. Many customers complained on Barclays forum for unable to access account. (Anker, 2010) Customers who logged into their account in July, 2000 they were able to read the details of other customers accounts. Barclays admitted the problem was associated with a software upgrade which went live overnight. (BBC NEWS, 2000) Barclays bank has signed a deal with F-Secure for 1.6 million licences of the anti-virus program. The basic F-Secure anti-virus will protect customers account and will alert users if any malicious programs installed. 2.5 LEGAL AND CREADIBILITY FACTORS Banks are regulated by different different agencies and different kind of laws in different countries. In 1990s, European countries have implemented Single Banking License which allowed banks from European Union (EU) countries to branch freely into other EU countries. European Countries implemented numerous regulations for banking industry, to achieve the level of harmonization required for the establishment of a single, competitive market for financial services. However, after that European banks have also experienced a negative effect on competition. (Angelini, 2003) UK government expected to put pressure on Barclays and other lenders that have turned down government help to join the British Treasurys latest effort to revive the economy. (Werdigier, 2009). In March, 2009 Barclays bank obtained a court order banning the Guardian from publishing documents which showed how the bank set up companies to avoid hundreds of millions of pounds in tax. The information was leaked by a person who was working with bank. (Guardian, 2009) In January, 2006 Barclays and other 22 international companies got a legal action brought by a South African activist group. That legal action was for allegedely benefited companies from doing business in South Africa in the apartheid era. Barclays was forecd to pull out of South Africa in 1986 after protests against its involvement in South Africa during the apartheid regime. (Kollewe, 2006) 3.0 RECOMMENDATIONS Bank should make a strong bond with customers, to make its business and reputation profitable. Bank should should give customers requirement first priority in its business. T 3.1 As mentiond in the first part of the report, how political factor is playing a major role in banks business and growth. Different- different countris political stability plays a major role in banks deveopment. Banks should keep a track in advance on the political stability of that country, to know how its political change will affect its business. And bank should make a strong bond with governemnt regarding its policies and regulations so that government will help the banks at the time of economy downturn by giving banks special packages to rescue from economy downturn. Banks should make a strong bond with government regarding tax paying. 3.2 Economic and competition factor also plays a major role in affecting banks growth. As mentioned in 2.2 how competition in market plays a major role in companys share and profit and how that nation economy plays a major role in the growth and development of bank. Banks should involve Fiscal Policy in their policy. Fiscal Policy helps to reduce the rate of inflation and stimulate economic growth in a period of economy downturn. Fiscal Policy aims to stablise economic growth, avoiding boom and bust economic cycle.(Economics help) For competition factor playing a major role in banks growth. Banks should keep a strong policy on its interest rates which should not affect customers requirement and banks benefit both. 3.3 As mentioned in 2.3 Social Factor plays a major role in banks relations with customers which directly affects banks development and reputation. Banks responsibility towards customers plays a major role in banks reputation in market, which affects its business. Banks should give a written letter in advance to customers before taking any major step. Banks should make its customer care department more friendly for customers, so they will not hesitate asking any question to banks.Before increasing its any fee, banks should inform customers in advance. The significance of good customer service costs five times to win a new customers and retaining old customers. And banks should give assurance to customers regarding their funds and account profile and personal details, so that they will more secure regarding their accounts. To inhance its reputatin banks should participate in social causes and should participate in developing poor countries and rural areas. They should make branches an d ATMs more convinent for customers in countryside areas as well. 3.4 Technological factor which causing a big concern in winning the trust of customers. The modern technology which is making a customers life easy in doing online bill payments or accessing accounts online at time creat big problems for customers. As mentioned in 2.4 how at time online banking is creating problems for customers and creating problems in relationship with banks. Banks should make its online banking more secured and also give assurance to customers regarding their account details so that customers will not worry about their account profile. Banks should educate people regarding its online banking and telephonic banking. Bank will have to make international banking or internatioanl funds transfer safe for customers and for this they will have educate customers. As mentioned in 2.4, Barclays bank has signed a deal with F-Secure for licence of an anti-virus program which will protect customers account and will alert users if something go wrong with their account.(BBC News ,2006). Its banks responsibility to make technology secured regarding customers account, and if something happens wrong bank must insure customers that their money is safe. 3.5 For a good business banks should start using social media to build trust, loyalty and improve relationships with customers. Political Factor is palying a major role in Banks international market and bank Barclays protects money for nearly 14 million customers and clients in Africa during the time of economy and climate risk. Barclays operated in Africa for over a century and optimisitc for next 100 years future. http://group.barclays.com/Editorial/1231783315133.html CONCLUSION STRENGHTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Widespread global presence Generated controvecies Well-established historically Associated with innovation http://www.businessteacher.org.uk/business-resources/swot-analysis-database/barclays-bank-swot-analysis/

Building Community on the Net :: Internet Web Cyberspace Essays

Building Community on the Net All sorts of reasons have been advanced in recent years to explain the decline of community in America, from the way we design our neighborhoods to the increased mobility of the average American to such demographic shifts as the movement of women into the labor force. But the onslaught of television and other electronic technologies is usually cited as the main culprit. As Harvard sociologist Robert Putnam observes, these technologies are increasingly "privatizing our leisure time" and "undermining our connections with one another and with our communities."[1] In his essay "The Strange Disappearance of Civic America," Putnam draws a direct parallel between the arrival of television and the decline of what he calls "social capital" -- the social networks, trust, and norms of reciprocity that are the essence of healthy communities. As he points out, a "massive change in the way Americans spend their days and nights occurred precisely during the years of generational civic disengagement."[2] It follows that computers, VCRs, virtual reality and other technologies that, like television, "cocoon" us from our neighbors and communities exacerbate the loss of social capital. With the advent of computer networks and "virtual communities," however, some feel that electronic technologies can actually be used to strengthen the bonds of community and reverse America's declining social capital. Advocates stress that electronic networks can help citizens build organizations, provide local information, and develop bonds of civic life and conviviality. While the claims are no doubt overstated in many cases, as they always are when new technologies are involved, there is growing evidence that this may be the case, particularly in local community networks. The social and political ramifications of electronic networking has become a favorite topic of speculation in recent years. Cover stories, conferences, books, Web sites, and radio and television programs devoted to the subject have grown exponentially. In looking over the burgeoning literature on the political uses of the Net, I find that most of it falls into three general categories: 1) questions of democratic culture and practice, such as the pros and cons of direct democracy, issues of privacy and social control, and the changing nature of public opinion; 2) how on-line petitioning, electronic voting, information campaigning and other forms of "netactivism" can promote politics more narrowly defined; and 3) the implications of networking technologies for communities. This paper leaves aside the first two categories[3] and focuses specifically on the third: whether computer networks can be used to strengthen and enhance the bonds of community.

Welcome Stranger (English Belonging Related Text)

Name of Text:â€Å"Welcome Stranger† Composer & Date of Publication:Stephanie Dowrick, 2008 Type of Text:Feature Article What is the text about? The text basically gets you to question whether you are an includer or excluder. It’s about people fitting in to different groups at all ages. Identify links to belonging: What elements of this text explore the concept of belonging? The whole text explores people’s connections to others in different groups and settings and questions our role in our sense of belonging and how we make other’s feel. Consider the composer’s purpose/intention: Why do you think the composer made this text?She’s giving her opinion and trying to persuade her audience to be more inclusive. She is informing her audience of the benefits of being inclusive. Who is the target audience for this text? Adult, professional audience. Identify the mood/tone of the text: (e. g. peaceful, anxious, cynical, hopeful, confused etc†¦ ) Critical, serious, persuasive, highly emotive. Identify forms and features relevant to the concept of belonging: Form and structure: argument, narrative, interview†¦ Feature Article Literary techniques: register, alliteration, similes, contrast, repetition, metaphors†¦Rhetorical question, imagery, appeal to emotions, alliteration, high modality, metaphor. Visual techniques: colour, layout, reading paths/vectors, modality, camera angles, colour, sound None Quotation Technique Effect How it represents belonging Do you give much thought to whether you are an â€Å"includer† by nature-or not? Rhetorical QuestionOpening rhetorical question engages the audience my making them stop to think. This article shows the enormous power that we as people have to enrich communities, groups and other peoples’ lives, including our own. â€Å"the image of a child standing alone in a crowded playground†.Imagery It appeals to our sense of emotions and fear of isolation. It represents a child not belonging in the group. â€Å"vital sense of inclusion† High Modality Emphasises how important belonging is. Very persuasive. It depicts perceptions of belonging and how important it is for our wellbeing that we do belong. â€Å"They are society’s treasures† Metaphor It positions us to want be one of those treasures/ it’s persuasive. We can identify with a treasure, because we all want to be treasured, that is looked after and appreciated-after all that is what is belonging is al about.What are the characters’ / persona’s / composer’s perceptions of their belonging? The composer’s perception of belonging is that it is important, and it is just as important to offer belonging to others, to give it, as well as to take it. What are the characters’ / persona’s / composer’s experiences and notions of: identity? Belonging gives people a sense of identity which provides security and happine ss. relationships? Our sense of belonging is dependent upon our connections with others. acceptance? Do we accept others. understanding? We have to understand people, the need to belong.Are there characters who enrich or challenge the group? Explain how they do this. The includers are the ones who encrich the community and the excluders challenge the community. Are attitudes to belonging modified over time? Do any characters make choices not to belong? Are there any barriers preventing belonging? The people who excluder others. How is this text similar or different to Strictly Ballroom? Similar: -ideas about belonging: both question the individual’s role and ability to enrich or challenge group -ideas of not belonging is explored in both texts both broaden our understanding of ourselves and the world- we question our own behaviour and the behaviour of others -both explore relationships and connections with people, groups and communities. -both explore notions of acceptance an d understanding -both explore barriers to belonging Different: -form: feature article and film -techniques: persuasive language and film techniques -purpose: to persuade, give an opinion and inform and to entrain -audience: professional 2008 and 1980’s adults

Target Behavior Discussion

Target Behavior Discussion The identification of practical and ethical considerations related to using a reversal design with a chosen target behavior is an important step that has to be taken.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Target Behavior Discussion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The design of a target behavior is necessary in order to comprehend how something is done for being eliminated or added in regards to a number of ordinary conditions (Spiegler, 2015). The reversal design is considered to be one of the most effective single with an Inappropriate Ethical Aspect For example, it is ethically inappropriate to use a reversal design when a 3 with an Appropriate Ethical Aspect In order to introduce an alternative design for the same behavior that would be more appropriate, it is possible to use the ABC design that allows additional improvements and identification of a new variable that may help to control the situation. For example, as s oon as the doll is taken away, the child may be provided with another alternative (a toy, an activity, or a person). This alternative helps to protect the emotional status of a child and deprive care givers of the necessity to calm the child down. Still, there are many other options that may be taken into consideration because the analysis of child’s behavior is hard to predict all the time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Target Behavior Discussion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Cooper, J.O., Heron, T., Heward, W.L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Spiegler, M. (2015). Contemporary behavior therapy. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Sundel, M. Sundel, S.S. (2004). Behavior change in the human services: Behavioral and cognitive principles and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

Doll House essays

Doll House essays AN  ANALYSIS  OF  NORA, THE MEN IN HER LIFE, AND  HER  NAVIGATATION  TO INDEPENDENCE The  play,  A  Doll  House,  written  by  Henrik  Ibsen  in  1879,  is  considered  a   landmark  in  drama  for  its  portrayal  of  realistic  people,  places,  and  situations.  Ibsen   confines  his  story  to  the  middle  class.  He  writes  of  a  society  that  is limited  not only  by  its  means  of  livelihood  but  also  its  outlook.  Ibsen  portrays  his characters    as  preoccupied  with  work  and  money, showing a reduction of values  in  and that lack of quality persons with morals.  Ibsen  takes  this  realistic  story  and  invests  it  with   universal  significance.  Wrapped  up  in  the  technique  of  this  well  constructed   play, Ibsen  is masterful  in  his  presentation  of  not  only  realism,  but he  holds  a  mirror  up   to the  society  of his day by  using  the male  figures  as  catalysts  for  Nora's  ultimate   knowledge  of  self-actualization.  He  accomplishes  this  with  such  precision that  the  audience  might  not  be  aware  all  the  subtleties  that  are  creating  their In  A Doll House,  Nora  forges  the  name  of  her  father  and  risks  damaging  her   husband's  good  name.  Ã‚  Henrik  Ibsen  offers  remarkable  insight  into  the  nineteenth   century  preoccupation  with  the  family  and  the  role  of  the  father, and what role is projected upon those who are subjugated to him.  This  play  takes  up  the  subject  of   strong  women  and  weak  men within the plot. A  prominent  theme  within  this  drama   is  the  deterioration  of  the  male,  who is aware  of  his  role  as  a  "father  figure". This decomposition is observed by the female protagonist (Nora). It is this descent that the role of the father figure is shaped, while creating the  catalyst  for the catharsis or  change  in  Nora.     When  the  female  protagonist  challenges  patriarchalï ¿ ½...

Thetis - More than Achilless Mom

Thetis - More than Achilless Mom Thetis was the nymph who was mother to the Trojan War hero Achilles. But she was more than just one guys mother. Background Thetis  Ã‚  and one of the 50 Nereid daughters of Nereus (son of Gaia [Earth] and Pontos [Sea]; whom Hercules seizes in order to extract information pertinent to his labors) and Doris (daughter of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys). She might not have been Achilles mother, if things had gone differently, though. At one time, the king of the Greek gods, Zeus, had been wooing her, but a prophecy that the son would be greater than the father made Zeus give her up. After all, he didnt want a repeat episode of what happened with his own dad. As Prometheus prophesied in Aeschyluss play  Prometheus Bound, the god  plans a marriage that shall hurl him into oblivion from his sovereignty and throne; and then immediately the curse his father Cronus invoked as he fell from his ancient throne, shall be fulfilled to the uttermost. Thankfully, Zeus averted that by marrying Thetis off to another man... Marriage Instead, Thetis married a mortal king,  Peleus, at the command of Zeus. It was at this wedding that Eris, goddess of discord, tossed an apple for the most beautiful goddess of them all into the crowd and kicked off the events precipitating the Trojan War. The bride and groom produced a son, Achilles, whom Thetis tried to make immortal. She dipped her infant son into the River Styx, holding him by the ankle, according to tradition. This made him invulnerable, except at the one weak spot where Thetis had held him. Peleus didnt agree with this risky treatment and Thetis left him.   Thetis also shows up in Homers Iliad where she offers to get Achilles a new and better suit of armor and shield from the blacksmith of the gods, Hephaestus. Hephaestus was in her debt because Thetis and her sisters had cared for him when Hera threw him down from Olympus. As mentioned in the  Homeric Hymn 3 to Apollo, But silver-shod Thetis the daughter of Nereus took and cared for him with her sisters†¦ In the  Iliad, Homer says that Thetis also rescued Dionysus  from folks pursuing him: But  Dionysus  fled, and plunged beneath the wave of the sea, and  Thetis  received him in her bosom, filled with dread, for mighty terror gat hold of him at the mans threatenings. During the war, Thetis gave her son good advice, but he still tragically perished. -Edited by Carly Silver

Homeostasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homeostasis - Essay Example The excretion of these hormones from the kidneys stops when intake is enough and diluted urine is excreted. The homeostatic mechanism at times acts as the sole surviving mechanism of the body. The presence of homeostasis in our body gives us the freedom to work in any weather, day or night, hot or cold, dry or stormy. If there was no homeostasis, we could not have been able to regulate our body temperature. That would have resulted in the hibernation of our species during winters like many other living things. The regulation and adoption of our body's internal environment according to the external environment has provided us with the freedom to work in summers when we could preserve water by excreting concentrated urine, work in winters by preserving heat by peripheral vasoconstriction and erection of skin hair which trap a layer of air preserving body heat. When the body is pushed beyond the limits of homeostatic control, cellular death occurs such as frost bite that occurs in extre me cold or stroke that could occur in extreme dehydration when homeostasis fails due to the extremes of temperature. Maintenance of homeostasis is especially important in a developing embryo since the developing organs require a perfect internal environment to grow in. also, the metabolic enzymes require specific conditions to function and produce the energy required by the embryo. Absence or failure of homeostatic mechanism in developing embryo could lead to in-vitro death or abnormal development and the new born may not be liable to life.

Innovation & Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Innovation & Change - Case Study Example s that bring about a positive change to various aspects of the company such as its production levels, economic stability as well as growth in the particular market it is situated in (Davila, Epstein & Shelton, 2006). The activities that take place when trying to achieve these changes can be seen as the product of innovation by the company. It is especially essential for individuals dealing with innovation to realize the various methods and approaches that can be taken when dealing their implementation and management. The identification of these approaches allows a manger to select the most appropriate approach for their company and as a result enhance the chances of success a company has at attaining their objectives. The relationship between innovation and change comes into play as a result of the effects that a particular action may have on a company (Fichter, 2009). It also brings about the question of how important a role innovation plays in the growth of a company and whether this growth can be achieved minus the involvement of innovative approaches applied by the mangers. In order to fully answer these questions, one has to look at a particular company and the innovative implementations involved when looking to promote a positive impact on the organization (Heyne, Boettke & Prychitko, 2010). An industry that can be used to further expound on this concept is the vehicle industry with a leading company such as Toyota being the topic of the study to determine the role that innovation plays in the growth of a company. It should be noted that despite the fact that innovation is an important element in itself, the management of these innovations determines the success that an individual is able to enjoy in the resulting outcome. There are various ways that innovation can be considered important in regards to the development and growth of a company. The key aspect that plays a role in this essentialness is the point that an organization cannot remain stagnant in

The Proprietary versus the Entity Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Proprietary versus the Entity Theory - Essay Example The proprietary theory suggests that business or other organizations tend to belong to one or more persons thought of as proprietors or owners, and their views are reflected in the accounting process used by the business. So assets of the business are considered as assets of the proprietors and their liabilities are considered as their liabilities. The balance sheet equation would thus be "Assets—Liabilities = Proprietorship.'' (Riahi-B, 2004) The stockholders are seen as individuals joined in owning a business and a corporation is thus not seen as fundamentally different from a sole proprietorship. The corporation is seen as a "device of a representative nature by means of which the association's business affairs may be conveniently administered with certain legal privileges and within certain legal limitations."' (Riahi-B, 2004) Using a proprietary theory, in accounting practice, the emphasis is on the proprietor's equity and the proprietors' net income and changes in income or other aspects of the proprietorship. The retained earnings also belong to the proprietors. However stockholders are distinct from creditors and the distinction is based on proprietorship as creditors may not be proprietors but stockholders are usually proprietors so proprietors in a business organisation include all stockholders. Usually most accountants consider shareholders as owners and proprietorship is more easily determined in a small business enterprise although proprietorships could range from individual proprietorships for each, a partnership, or corporation. Some features that proprietors seek are high profit (including minimizing taxes), little risk, continued existence, ease of sale of interests, etc (Lewis-Pendrill, accessed 2011; Riahi-B, 2004). One criticism of proprietorship is that it is not possible to determine the profits of individual common stockholders of a corporation and corporate profit when equated with personal gain of proprietors defines the propriet ary concept yet there isn't much support to this. The stockholders' share of increase in proprietorship through residual equity shows the applicability of the proprietary concept and stockholder control. Yet stockholders have to be responsive to the wishes of equity interests as they are the owners and have greater control and bear greater risks and rights of residual equity (Riahi-B, 2004, Mourik, 2010). Usually large businesses have stock option plans for their executives along with incentive bonus plans. This has resulted in management interests to increase profits and identify interests with those of proprietors (Hendriksen and Breda, 1992). The entity concept suggests that a business or unit accounted for or considered within accounting practice must be considered as entirely separate from shareholders and owners of the business. Thus the business is seen as not an ownership but a separate entity. The entity is thus seen as having a separate and distinct existence from its owne rs and the owners are almost seen as long term creditors. The balance sheet equation suggests that " Assets=Equities." (Mourik, 2010) However despite the simplicity of the concept , the entity theory faces some confusion and uncertainty and the nature of equities is not completely clear. There are also difference of opinions and although creditors and owners are seen as distinct, accounting processes treat them similarly

Self-love; do you have to love yourself in order to love others Term Paper

Self-love; do you have to love yourself in order to love others - Term Paper Example Love has been the prescribed remedy for most of the problems that people confront with in their daily life. Love was interpreted by many; we all experience it, share it, long for it; yet know little about what actually love is. Generally, people think that they all have self love. The evidence they find for this belief is that they defend themselves, they enjoy, they work and earn etc. Yet many of them are not able to give an immediate answer to the question whether they love themselves. The reason must be that they have seldom attempted to analyze whether they have self-love, despite, many of them are so familiar with the Christian rule â€Å"love others as you love yourself.† (Mt: 22:39). Question whether we should love ourselves in order to love others is a disputable one. Some are of the opinion that it does not necessarily require self love in order to love others. People of the other view believe that loving others without having self-love is pseudo love because what peo ple find bad with themselves, obviously find more with others. So the love they express toward others is only a short term pretension. Among the both concepts the latter seems to be more justifiable. One of the definitions goes like this; â€Å"Loving self means being real and accepting every aspect of ourselves. We are having a human experience in a unique human body. We are not having an idealistic saintly experience. We are human we get angry, we feel sad, we love, we are selfish, we are generous, we lie, we hide†¦. But we must embrace them all if we want to experience love of self.† (Isha, 2008 p.58). The self love begins with accepting oneself in spite of all the negative factors of one’s character and limitations. An individual can not wait for becoming a perfect character to begin loving himself. In spite of all the bad habits and unworthiness we all have certain virtues within our souls. According to Aristotle’s Nicomachean ethics (Aristotle, Browne &

Clinical Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Clinical Leadership - Assignment Example In my role as a team leader in the corporate health board I came across many learning situations and instances that greatly helped me in identifying my strengths in dealing with people and situations, and realizing my personal weaknesses that made me hesitant to make a proactive approach at work. During my tenure in the corporate health board as a team leader, I had exposure to managerial concepts and leadership qualities that are required to perform a task more effectively. As a team leader, I have to be in touch with all aspects of the teamwork in addition to coordinating with my supervisors, allocating responsibilities to my team members, motivating the team, monitoring their work and resolving issues. Each of these activities is different from the other and requires different levels of consideration and attention. My role as team leader provided me with plenty of opportunities to manage team issues, plan and coordinate activities with the rest of the team members and develop lead ership qualities. The application of clinical leadership in the practical environment has numerous benefits and the need for developing leadership qualities among clinicians is increasingly being felt in the current scenario. The adoption and effective development of leadership skills in clinical health care environment contributes to efficient patient care and improving staff motivation. Clinical supervision or leadership provides a â€Å"framework for self-regulation and developing informed deliberative practice, emphasizing not only self-monitoring through reflection on action but also the reflection in action†.

Same Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Same Sex Marriage - Essay Example However, homosexual adults who have come to terms with their homosexuality, who do not regret their sexual orientation, and who can function effectively sexually and socially, are no more distressed psychologically that are heterosexual men and women (Duberman, et al., 1989). Being identified to be gay doesn't compose this person to be an alien because each and every one is a person within his or her own exclusive way. There is no trouble with gay people getting married since in the United States everybody is equal. Why then, is there a concern with gay citizens getting married, when a man along with a woman may get married with no difficulty. Gay couples will keep on living and giving out their lives together even though they don't get married. But if they do not get the opportunity to get married, there will still be gay partners. Gay marriages must be permitted everywhere for the natural facts that the gay society is growing day by day and gay people are individuals just like anybody else. Be it a gay partner or a straight pair, two people in love with each other should be together regardless of what anyone believes. There is no difference involving the love of two gay individuals and the affection of two heterosexuals. Gay marriage has become a controversial subject matter for some time now. There are more and more people that oppose to it, than there are supportive of it. The most important issue in this work is that gay marriage should have the same treatment under the law. It shows that the administration is concentrating more on the happiness of a particular person fairly than on whether or not this person is being treated equally. Who can tell, maybe the gay society have their personal religion which permits them to be wed. We could make God pleased if we loved the citizens who possess different manners of thinking. In God's eyes each and every one are all brothers and sisters, so why not make Him a proud God I just want all the people to recognize that there is nothing erroneous with two people who desire to be happy. Well, not each person trusts in the Bible or God, so why is the administration even declaring this The Free Exercise Clause states that the government is outlawed from meddling with the free exercise of religion inside the United States. Nowadays it seems as though the administration is promoting Christianity by stating that the Bible declares that God says that marriage was intended for one man together with one woman. If the government would try to please everyone within this nation, it may be a total catastrophe. I suppose that there has been way over concentration on gay marriages, and too l ittle on equal handling (Fisher, R. D., 1994). Gay marriages contradict the self-apparent truth of nature where male and female bodies are calculated for and match each other. Homosexual marriage may undervalue your marriage. An authorization to marry seems to be a lawful document, by which government may consider same sex marriage as if it were the same as the real thing, is a license which speaks for the administration and will tell the society that government states the marriages are equal. Any time a less important thing is made equal towards a greater where the greater is undervalued. If we were to ban same sex marriage we might be taking an enormous step backwards with regards to human rights.

Self-love; do you have to love yourself in order to love others Term Paper

Self-love; do you have to love yourself in order to love others - Term Paper Example Love has been the prescribed remedy for most of the problems that people confront with in their daily life. Love was interpreted by many; we all experience it, share it, long for it; yet know little about what actually love is. Generally, people think that they all have self love. The evidence they find for this belief is that they defend themselves, they enjoy, they work and earn etc. Yet many of them are not able to give an immediate answer to the question whether they love themselves. The reason must be that they have seldom attempted to analyze whether they have self-love, despite, many of them are so familiar with the Christian rule â€Å"love others as you love yourself.† (Mt: 22:39). Question whether we should love ourselves in order to love others is a disputable one. Some are of the opinion that it does not necessarily require self love in order to love others. People of the other view believe that loving others without having self-love is pseudo love because what peo ple find bad with themselves, obviously find more with others. So the love they express toward others is only a short term pretension. Among the both concepts the latter seems to be more justifiable. One of the definitions goes like this; â€Å"Loving self means being real and accepting every aspect of ourselves. We are having a human experience in a unique human body. We are not having an idealistic saintly experience. We are human we get angry, we feel sad, we love, we are selfish, we are generous, we lie, we hide†¦. But we must embrace them all if we want to experience love of self.† (Isha, 2008 p.58). The self love begins with accepting oneself in spite of all the negative factors of one’s character and limitations. An individual can not wait for becoming a perfect character to begin loving himself. In spite of all the bad habits and unworthiness we all have certain virtues within our souls. According to Aristotle’s Nicomachean ethics (Aristotle, Browne &

Same Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Same Sex Marriage - Essay Example However, homosexual adults who have come to terms with their homosexuality, who do not regret their sexual orientation, and who can function effectively sexually and socially, are no more distressed psychologically that are heterosexual men and women (Duberman, et al., 1989). Being identified to be gay doesn't compose this person to be an alien because each and every one is a person within his or her own exclusive way. There is no trouble with gay people getting married since in the United States everybody is equal. Why then, is there a concern with gay citizens getting married, when a man along with a woman may get married with no difficulty. Gay couples will keep on living and giving out their lives together even though they don't get married. But if they do not get the opportunity to get married, there will still be gay partners. Gay marriages must be permitted everywhere for the natural facts that the gay society is growing day by day and gay people are individuals just like anybody else. Be it a gay partner or a straight pair, two people in love with each other should be together regardless of what anyone believes. There is no difference involving the love of two gay individuals and the affection of two heterosexuals. Gay marriage has become a controversial subject matter for some time now. There are more and more people that oppose to it, than there are supportive of it. The most important issue in this work is that gay marriage should have the same treatment under the law. It shows that the administration is concentrating more on the happiness of a particular person fairly than on whether or not this person is being treated equally. Who can tell, maybe the gay society have their personal religion which permits them to be wed. We could make God pleased if we loved the citizens who possess different manners of thinking. In God's eyes each and every one are all brothers and sisters, so why not make Him a proud God I just want all the people to recognize that there is nothing erroneous with two people who desire to be happy. Well, not each person trusts in the Bible or God, so why is the administration even declaring this The Free Exercise Clause states that the government is outlawed from meddling with the free exercise of religion inside the United States. Nowadays it seems as though the administration is promoting Christianity by stating that the Bible declares that God says that marriage was intended for one man together with one woman. If the government would try to please everyone within this nation, it may be a total catastrophe. I suppose that there has been way over concentration on gay marriages, and too l ittle on equal handling (Fisher, R. D., 1994). Gay marriages contradict the self-apparent truth of nature where male and female bodies are calculated for and match each other. Homosexual marriage may undervalue your marriage. An authorization to marry seems to be a lawful document, by which government may consider same sex marriage as if it were the same as the real thing, is a license which speaks for the administration and will tell the society that government states the marriages are equal. Any time a less important thing is made equal towards a greater where the greater is undervalued. If we were to ban same sex marriage we might be taking an enormous step backwards with regards to human rights.

The old Nurses story Essay Example for Free

The old Nurses story Essay Not to mention that it had a forbidden area called the east wing, which was never opened. People never dreamt of going there. Then we have the Darkness Out There, this story is based in a very similar way. It is based in a house, which is at the end of a forbidden wood called Packers End. This area was scary. You didnt go there by yourself, not even for a thousand pounds. It was nasty, creepy. People were scared stiff of Packers End. When children were younger they believed that witches, wolves and tigers existed there. That was until they found out about the German plane that had came down after the war, and an aircrew was killed there, people had heard them talking, still chattering in German. At the end of Packers End, there is a cottage, Mrs Rutters cottage. Both stories are narrated to young children by old female characters. The Old Nurses Story, is narrated by a nanny, and is told to the children, which she looks after. She seems to know a lot about the family history. Therefore not only does she share her story with the children to inform them about their family, but also to entertain them. The Darkness Out There, is narrated by a old cottage loaf women, who seemed composed of circles, a creamy smiling pool of a face, and eyes which snap and dart. Already we can judge Mrs Rutters character, we are made to feel that this woman is not as nice as she seems. She seems snidy, and very crafty. We can sense darkness, this is very symbolic. It connects to the title and we soon realise why. As the plot begins to unravel, we begin to see the darkness in Mrs Rutter, the narrator of the story. It is also narrated to young children. Both stories have used children for they are innocent, and easily influenced. This creates sympathy, yet suspense. Scary noises are very important conventions, probably one of the most important, and they are also used in both stories. In The Old Nurses Story, a great organ is heard playing, near the east wing. This was once played there by the late Lord Furnivall. In The Darkness Out There, airmen, witches, and wolves were said to be heard in Packers End. The noises create a tense atmosphere and suspense. We begin to feel scared, worried and wonder what is about to occur. It has a huge impact on the audience. The final similarity that I found interesting was that in both stories, the actions are influenced by death. In The Old Nurses Story, Lord Funivall, and Miss Furnivall both die. They are the ones that are luring their daughter Miss Rosamond to her death. In The Darkness Out There, Mrs Rutters husband is killed in the war. Therefore she refuses to help a German (enemies during the war) survive; instead she leaves him to die. Although both stories have many similarities, they also have many differences. The most obvious difference is that both stories are written in different time zones. The Darkness Out There is a contempary story. It was published post world war two, whereas The Old Nurses story was written in the 19th century, therefore they do have different writing styles. Nevertheless we cannot judge the effectiveness of the stories by knowing when they were written. We need to know the context and its conventions. However we can judge by looking at the main differences how and why a story is effective, and which particular ingredients make it effective. Firstly I looked at the aspect of fear in both stories. In The Old Nurses Story, ghosts are visual and non visual throughout the story. This is a an obvious ghost story, it is very effective, and would have been more effective at the time it was published, for ghosts were believed in and had huge impacts on life. They werent just fantasies as people regard them today. In The Darkness Out There, although there are myths of ghosts and witches, the story isnt based on a ghost. The only real fear is the evil darkness we find in Mrs Rutter. I also noticed that both stories are set in different types of weather. The Darkness Out There is based in summery weather; there is no sign of mysteriousness apart from what had previously happened in Packers End. Although we do have a little bad weather, heavy rain, evil is not symbolised through the weather. The Old Nurses Story, however has bad weather, it contains dark dull, stormy weather. A terrible winter. This is a typical symbol of evil and strange occurrences. Bad weather represents evil and makes everyone miserable. It builds a lot of tension and suspense. The final difference is the difference we learn about the storytellers. Although they are both old and female, what we do not realise are the hidden connotations, for both storytellers have different intentions. Soon we understand that Hester, the narrator in The Old Nurses Story is not telling the children the story with the intention to scare, but is informing them about their family. Mrs Rutter, narrator in The Darkness Out There, is totally different. She is very ill minded, she tells the children the story to scare them so that she can gain entertainment by watching them terrified. In other words, she scares children for pleasure. I think The Old Nurses Story is the most effective story. Although it contains all the typical ingredients, it does scare. The setting, weather symbolism and usage of ghosts combined together make it a very effective ghost story. It creates tension, suspension, and a startled atmosphere. It also leaves the audience intensified. I didnt think The Darkness Out There was a very effective ghost story. To be honest it doesnt even seem like a ghost story. Ghost stories are supposed to contain mysterious events, ghosts, and supernatural occurrences. The Darkness Out There doesnt scare the audience it just leaves them with a moral. That is never to stereotype people. It doesnt scare. I think ghost stories are effective because of the typical ingredients that they contain. A ghost story isnt a story without spooky occurrences. The idea of listening to a ghost story is to be scared. The Old Nurses Story creates this effect, and therefore I think it is the most effective. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

Discussing The Characteristics Of Mobile Learning Information Technology Essay

Discussing The Characteristics Of Mobile Learning Information Technology Essay Mobile learning is the point at which mobile computing and electronic learning intersect to produce an anytime, anywhere learning experience. As mobile phone becomes popular in the society and many people can afford the cost, the demand of mobility is extended to teaching and learning purposes. 2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF MOBILE LEARNING Mobile learning is dynamic. It is todays content not old news. On-line experts and best sources for emergencies are available[2] Mobile learning operates in real time. Learners get what they need, when they need it[2]. Mobile learning is collaborative as people learn from one another. It connects learners with experts, colleagues and professional peers[2]. Mobile learning is individual. Every learner selects activities from a personal menu of learning opportunities most relevant to his/her background at that very moment[2]. Mobile learning is comprehensive. It provides learning events from many sources enabling learners to select a favored format or learning method or training provider[2]. Mobile learning builds learning communities whose members forge[2]. 2.2: THE CHANGE OF LEARNING PARADIGMS Source:http://www.te.ugm.ac.id/~widyawan/mobilearn/MobilearnParadigm.pdf 2.3: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTIONS Source: http://www.te.ugm.ac.id/~widyawan/mobilearn/MobilearnParadigm.pdf 2.4: HISTORY OF MOBILE DEVICES Modern mobile devices began with the Apple Newton in 1993, followed by the Palm Pilot in 1996. Five years later, the pocket pc and the introduction of flash player were the next significant introduction and have since been used for educational purposes. The next major development occurred when cell phones gained the capabilities of Personal Digital Assistants(PDAs) and merged connectivity. The various types of connectivity available through mobile devices include Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN) and Personal Area Network(PAN). Within the area of education, it was originally envisioned that handheld devices could serve as computer replacements in which full courses could be delivered. Currently, there exist multiple devices available for mobile learning, ranging from PDAs to video players to cell phones. Add-ons to mobile devices such as cameras, barcode readers and Global Positioning System (GPS) are also popular. 2.5: USING MOBILE DEVICES FOR LEARNING Figure 1 shows students access to mobile devices. MAP FOR MOBILE Figure 2 2.6: MOBILE LEARNING FRAMEWORK It is predicted that the next phase of electronic learning development will be focused in mobile learning. Mobile learning is the point at which mobile computing and electronic learning intersect to produce an anytime, anywhere learning experience[2]. The following is a proposed framework for mobile learning: Mobile Learning Applications Mobile User Infrastructure (browser, handheld devices) Mobile Protocol(adoption of content with WAP) Mobile Network Infrastructure (cellular systems, satellites amongst others) Figure 3 Level 1: Mobile Learning Applications Many new applications are becoming possible and many existing electronic learning applications can be modified for a mobile environment[2]. Level 2: Mobile User Infrastructure In the mobile user infrastructure level, the design of new mobile learning applications should cater for the capabilities of the user mobile devices[2]. Level 3: Mobile Protocol In the mobile protocol level, the aim is to hide the underlying networks details from applications while providing a uniform and easy-to-use interface[2]. Level 4: Mobile Learning Infrastructure In the mobile network infrastructure level, service quality primarily depends on network resources and capabilities[2]. 2.7: CHOICE OF MOBILE DEVICE While various types of mobile devices can be used in mobile learning, the mobile device that will be considered during the development of the application will be mobile phone. 2.8: MOBILE PHONE Wherever you go nowadays, you can see people carrying their mobile phone with them. Mobile phone allows communication across the world, different countries and abroad countries. Nowadays, mobile phones do not only support voice calls, they can receive data and faxes, send short messages(SMS), access WAP services and provide full internet access using technologies such as GPRS. At the present time, mobile phones support wireless technologies such as: Infrared Bluetooth 3G WAP WIFI 2.8.1: LIMITATIONS OF MOBILE PHONE However, mobile phones possess various constraints that may affect their progress in the future. These are described as follows: Limited storage Small runtime heap Modest processor performance Limited screen size 2.8.2: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LATEST MOBILE PHONES 2.9: WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Wireless Technologies denotes technologies in which the use of wire for communication is eliminated. Radio and TV broadcasting to mobile phone and Bluetooth are examples of wireless technologies. The latter was un-imaginable till Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1886-1988 demonstrated the transmission and reception of radio signals[4]. 2.9.1: DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Radio FM and AM radio is the first to use wireless technology commercially. This brings wireless technology to the common man[4]. Television Another step ahead with wireless technology is Television broadcast. This introduces wireless technology even closer[4]. Mobile Mobile Technology such as GSM and CDMA made a revolution on communication and it uses time division, frequency division and code division multiplexing. These include the latest and hottest example of wireless technologies[4]. GPS Latest and greatest technology that uses wireless is Global positioning system-radio waves are used for this[4]. Bluetooth/WI-FI/Infrared With the introduction of computers, all these technologies are becoming popular to everyone. All these technologies are based on wireless. Bluetooth uses short range wireless technology that allows connection to various types of electronic equipment like printers, mobiles, camera amongst others to computers. WI-FI is mainly used to establish a wireless LAN and wireless internet connection which is called as hotspots[4]. 2.9.2: INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES There are three technologies that best suit the communication of two or more computers using standard network protocol without network cabling. An overview of these three technologies is described below: WAP The WAP protocol stack is made up of the Application layer Session layer Transaction layer Security layer Transport layer It provides an environment in which applications and services for portable and wireless devices are developed and executed. It includes a microbrowser, a markup language interface and push technology for the transmission of data to applications residing on clients plus multimedia message capabilities and content formats. Wireless Application Protocol(WAP) or WAP 2.0 is next generation of the WAP specification that delivers a richer and more secure experience to mobile internet services and even printers. WI-FI Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity and is used to define any of the wireless technology in the IEEE 802.11 specification including the wireless protocols 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g. The Wi-Fi Alliance is the body responsible for promoting the term and its association with various wireless technology standards[5]. A Wi-Fi network can also be used to enable connectivity to a larger Local Area Network(LAN) , Wide Area Network(WAN) or the internet[5]. To be able to use Wi-Fi, you must be using a computer or PDA that possess Wi-Fi connectivity already working. Most portable computers can add Wi-Fi using an adapter that plugs into a PC card slot or USB port[5]. Wi-Fi is supported by many applications and devices including video game consoles, home networks, PDAs, mobile phones, major operating systems and other types of consumer electronics[6]. Bluetooth Bluetooth wireless technology is a short range communication technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable and/or fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security[7]. The structure and the global acceptance of Bluetooth Technology means any Bluetooth enable devices, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices located in proximity to one another[7]. Connections between Bluetooth enabled electronic devices allow these devices to communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc networks known as piconets[7]. 2.9.3: WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON There exist numerous technologies to develop a mobile application. Hence, a comparison is made between these technologies in order to select the most appropriate technology depending upon the requirement of the system to be developed. Range Worldwide 10 m 100 m Frequency range 1000-Mbit/s 2.4 Ghz 2.4 Ghz Transmit range 54 Mbps 1 Mbps ~10Mbps Power High 1/5 of Wi-Fi High Penetration Penetrate objects Penetrate objects Penetrate objects Line of sight Not required Not required Not required Cost Cheap Cheap Cheap 2.10: WAP TECHNOLOGY WAP is an enabling technology based on the internet client server architecture model for transmission and presentation of information from the World Wide Web(WWW) and other applications utilizing the Internet Protocol(IP) to a mobile phone or other wireless terminal. However, WAP is a global standard developed by the WAP Forum for wireless devices to access the intranet and telephony services. WAP can also be used to access data from corporate intranets through public or private IP networks[8]. Figure 3 shows the WAP services that are currently offered. Figure 4 2.10.1: FORMATION OF WAP Ericson, Motorola, Nokia and Phone.com founded the WAP forum in June 1997 to create license-free standards for the entire industry to use in order to develop products based on WAP. 2.10.2: WAP SPECIFICATIONS WAP is an open specification that defines a set of protocols application, session, transaction, security and transport layers. To leverage existing programming and development skills, WAP is based on existing standards and protocols such as XML, HTTP, UDP, HTML and Javascript[8]. The key elements of the WAP specification include: A well-known application development framework- The WAP transport model is analogous to the internet model, except for the gateway that is inserted between the web server and the client[8]. WML(Wireless Markup Language) as the standard markup language. A browser inside WAP services that parses WML and WMLScript[8]. A framework to support advanced telephony, like WWW to mobile messaging, call forwarding, mobile to telefax access and address book access[8]. Figure 5 Figure 4 compares a protocol stack based on the internet model to WAP. As you can see, numerous networks are included in WAP with the ultimate goal of targeting multiple networks. WIRELESS SESSION LAYER(WSP) The wireless session protocol is an interface between the application layer and delivers all functions that are needed for wireless connections. A session mainly consists of 3 phases: start of the session, transferring information back and forth and the end of the session. Additionally, a session can be interrupted and started again(from the point where it was interrupted)[9]. WIRELESS TRANSACTION PROTOCOL The Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) is a transaction-oriented protocol, executed using a datagram service. WTP offers the following functions[9]: Three classes of transaction services Unreliable one-way requests Reliable one-way requests Reliable two-way request/response transactions Optional user-to-user reliability feature The WTP user triggers confirmation for each received message[9]. WIRELESS TRANSPORTATION LAYER SECURITY(WTLS) The wireless transport layer security is an optional layer or stack which consists of description devices. A secure transmission is crucial for certain applications such as e-commerce or WAP- banking and is a standard in these days. Furthermore, WTLS contains a check for data integrity, user authentication and gateway security[9]. WIRELESS DATAGRAM PROTOCOL(WDP) The wireless datagram protocol represents the transfer or transmission layer and is also the interface of the network layer to all the above stack/layers. With the help of the WDP, the transmission layer can be assimilated to the specifications of a network operator. This means that WAP is completely independent from any network operator. The transmission of SMS, USSD, CSD, CDPD, IS-136 packet data and GPRS is supported. The Wireless Control Message Protocol(WCMP) is an optional addition to WAP, which will inform users about occurred errors[9]. 2.10.3: HOW WAP WORKS A typical WAP network consists of the following components[8]: User with WAP-enabled device Gateway Application server The Application server can be located in either a public or private IP network. The gateway is normally located in telecom networks but it can be setup by a company using its own computer systems[8]. A typical scenario using WAP technology A user with a WAP device requests content from the application server[8]. The request reaches the gateway first, which does the protocol translation from WAP to HTTP and routes the HTTP request to the destination server[8]. The server returns WML output and adds HTTP headers to the gateway, depending upon whether dynamic or static pages are requested[8]. The gateway converts WML and HTTP to binary form to conserve bandwidth and returns a WAP response to the user[8]. The browser inside the WAP device interprets the WML and shows the contents[8]. 2.10.4: WAP LIMITATIONS Compared to PCs, wireless devices are limited in terms of processing power, memory, battery life and display size. Other issues of low bandwidth, latency and connection stability brings motivation to come up with new set of WAP technologies[8]. 2.11: INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL MOBILE WAP (and Web) INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM Web development on mobile phones has long suffered from a rigid platform and the inability for mobile browsers to keep up with current web technologies. You could test your WML code with a cell phone but most providers charge a premium for Web access and testing could cost a lot. Instead, there exist emulators that are available, some of which are packaged with a full SDK while some even include a full Integrated Development Environment (IDE). 2.11.1: WML EMULATOR Instead of installing an entire WAP SDK, you can install a WML emulator. An emulator allows you to view the contents of your WML files as they would be appear on the screen of a WAP-enabled device. There are various WAP emulators available. Some are illustrated below: WAP PROOF 2008 professional version 4.2.0327 WAP Proof is an emulator of a WAP browser for Microsoft Windows, a universal WML, HTML and XHTML intended for designers of mobile content. It is designed for the preview and debugging of mobile websites. The purpose of a WAP proof is to emulate the rendering of WML 1.3, HTML, XHTML Mobile Profile 1.0 and Chtml documents by different devices. The mobile- oriented content is rendered exactly as if it was downloaded on the real cellphone[10]. The source code of the WML document can also be viewed as illustrated below. KLONDIKE WAP BROWSER This is produced by Apache Software. Klondike looks like a Web browser and is therefore very easy to use for beginners. Local WML files can be accessed easily. Klondike WAP Browser employs the Wireless Markup Language (WML) through an implementation of Klondike WAP Microbrowser Engine, including character entities, text input and validation, single and multiple selection boxes, variable substitution, deck-card task and event shadowing, deck access control, GET and POST methods, variable escaping, timers, and BMPs and BMP anchors[11]. YOSPACE Yospace is a mobile application s innovator and platform provider allowing digital publishers, mobile application developers, and mobile operators to rapidly and affordably deliver mobile video services[12]. WAP developers can use the desktop edition of the emulator to preview WAP applications from their desktop as the emulator provides a reasonably faithful reproduction of the actual handset products. WinWAP This is produced by Slob-Trot Software. WinWAP is a WML browser that works on any computer with 32-bit Windows installed. Moreover, it is web browser for WAP made by Winwap Technologies available for Microsoft Windows and any Windows CE powered device, like the common Windows Mobile powered Pocket PC phones[13]. WML files can be browsed locally from the hard drive or the internet with HTTP(as with your normal browser). 2.11.2: WEB SERVER SERVICES SOFTWARE EasyPHP version 5.3.2 EasyPHP is a complete software package that allows you to use all the power and the flexibility that dynamic languages like PHP offer as well as the efficient use of databases. Package includes an Apache server, a MySQL database, a full PHP execution, as well as easy development tools for your applications. You can change MIME configuration in apache to make the server recognize WML pages, WMLS and WBMP. CERN server It is a generic public domain full-featured hypertext server that can be used as a regular HTTP server. The server is typically running on port 80 to serve hypertext and other documents but it can also serve as a proxy a server on a firewall machine, that provides access for people inside a firewall to the outside world. Furthermore, the server runs on most Unix platforms[14].

marketing :: essays research papers

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The product life cycle is essential when a firm is a managing a product. While a product is in the introductory phase of its life cycle the customer is going through a learning process. Firms must consider this learning process when determining how much to spend on marketing strategies, the firm must understand that it will spend a lot of money to make the customer aware of their product and they wont see a lot of sales. During the growth phase of the life cycle the firm will see fast growth which will lead to profits or they will break even. The firm will also see declining expenditures so to properly manage their product they should concentrate more on building and holding customers rather than focusing on innovators and early adopters. At the beginning of the maturity phase sale will increase but slower because the market becomes saturated so the firm must work harder to maintain customers to keep profits from declining rapidly. Firms should focus on custome r loyalty and try to increase usage by each user. When a product begins to decline a firm could either move the product to a new market in a different country or they could leave the product in the same market but not spend money on marketing the product and focus more on other products they could market. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attending a sporting event is a service, by attending you are being provided with entertainment which is a form of a service. a. A sporting event is intangible you are receiving the entertainment which cannot be physically touched or compared to another product easily, you must compare the product by comparing to it another experience you had or someone else told you about. A sporting event is inseparable, we can see this by looking at the three aspects of inseparability. First the service providers involvement clearly the service provider is present in that the players are physically playing in front of you. Second the customers are directly involved in the service experience, just take the Detroit vs. Indiana basketball game where players and fans were involved in a fist fight in Detroit. Although this may have been a bad experience for the fans it shows just how involved fans are with sporting event. Third other customers are involved with your experience, like the drunk at the game who is cheering for the other team.

Women Heed Stroke Warnings Better Than Men :: Essays Papers

Women Heed Stroke Warnings Better Than Men I read an article from the American Psychological Association Monitor. The article deals with women and the fact that studies show they heed stroke warnings better than men do. A stroke awareness program in central Illinois significantly increased public knowledge of stroke warning signs, but more among women than men, a team of medical researchers found. According to the article, the study’s lead researcher, psychologist Wayne Dornan, PhD, believes the key to women’s better performance can be found in the results of a two-year-old study, which found women fear motor impairments from stroke more than death and men fear death more than any deleterious consequence of stroke. In the more recent study, Dornan and his colleagues evaluated people’s understanding of the risk factors for stroke among residents of the twin cities of Bloomington and Normal in central Illinois before and after they implemented a five-month intensive stroke-awareness campaign. Overall, the number of people who knew at least one stroke warning sign—including weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding simple statements, and sudden blurred or decreased vision increased from 57 percent to 78 percent. But most of that increase could be accounted for by a rise in women’s awareness 67 percent to 81 percent. Men’s awareness barely increased at all apparently, more than half were unable to name a single stroke warning sign before and after the awareness campaign, the researchers found. The researchers obtained their data by surveying a random sample of more than 1,314 of the 100,000 residents of the twin cities before the campaign and 1,216 residents afterwards. Dornan said in the article that new time-sensitive pharmaceutical treatments for stroke have made it more imperative than ever that people recognize the symptoms of stroke and seek immediate treatment,. And another new study, noted by Doman published in an issue of Stroke suggests that the number of strokes in the United States is dramatically higher than previously estimated: 700,000 annually as opposed to the earlier estimate of 500,000.

Literary Analysis of the Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood Essay

Offred, in Margaret Atwood’s disturbing novel The Handmaid’s Tale says, â€Å"But who can remember pain once it’s over? All that remains of it is a shadow, not in the mind even, in the flesh. Pain marks you, but too deep to see. Out of sight, out of mind.† The society of Gilead causes the aforementioned pain and demoralization by using women’s bodies as political instruments. Similar to Atwood’s novel, today’s men put immense pressure on women to be a certain way, give them children, and take care of the home and the like. In Atwood’s novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, she examines the theme of demoralization of women through graphic predictions of what women’s futures may look like. In 1 Corinthians 6: 19-20, the Bible states, â€Å"Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body.† In The Handmaid’s Tale, the society influences the citizens, like Ofglen, differently. The society wrongfully manipulates women to use their bodies for what the government decides is right, not what God planned for their bodies. Through this wrongful use, women have once again become less superior to men and treated more like an object than a person. Also in Corinthians 6:18, the Bible states, â€Å"Flee from sexual immorality. Every other sin a person commits is outside the body, but the sexually immoral person sins against his own body.† The government in The Handmaid’s tale encouraged sexual immorality by passing the handmaids from man to man, ruining the women’s purity and demoralizing their bodies by using them purely for reproduction methods. In the time period of The Handmaid’s Tale, the demoralization of women was normal and accepted, but even the supporters of the demoralization remembered the time when women weren’t being passed from man to man to reproduce and were respected and upheld in society. In today’s society most of the biblical morals are upheld and for the most part, women are equal with men. Women aren’t forced to move from man to man for reproduction purposes and they have the choice of whom they will marry and reproduce with. The true purpose of a woman is to be the man’s equal and to provide in her what the man doesn’t have. The Handmaid’s Tale portrays women in a demoralizing way, giving them no choices, freedom, or say. The government in The Handmaid’s Tale enforced the demoralization of women in Gilead. The original government was overthrown by a group of totalitarian men who enforced the laws that began the demoralization of the women. The government then takes complete control of everyone, making Gilead more like a communist country than democratic America. The Constitution is completely thrown out, taking away citizens, especially women’s, freedom and rights. Most of the men are completely obedient and support the government’s treatment of women. Even when the commander broke the rules and took Offred out, he made sure that she still understood he has complete and total control over her. Demoralization was in full effect, and there was no escaping it. In today’s society women have similar roles to those of men. They work, provide for their families, and are seen as equal to men. In The Handmaid’s Tale, women are used as a tool to create children for the â€Å"commanders† and are treated more like an object than a human being. In The Handmaid’s Tale, the society is reverted back to when women had no rights and were seen more like a trophy that would respond to men’s every beck and call. The handmaids’ roles in the novel are even worse than that of the olden day â€Å"housewife.† When the handmaids disobey, they are put to death or left in the wasteland of what used to be America. No one receives a harsher punishment than that. Even in today’s society women don’t receive that harsh of a punishment if they disobey. This just goes to show that in the society and time of The Handmaid’s Tale, the demoralization of women as political instruments was in full swing. Despite all of Gilead’s pro-women rhetoric, such subjugation creates a society in which women are treated as subhuman. They are reduced to their fertility, treated as nothing more than a set of ovaries and a womb. In one of the novel’s key scenes, Offred lies in the bath and reflects that, before Gilead, she considered her body an instrument of her desires; now, she is just a mound of flesh surrounding a womb that must be filled in order to make her useful. Gilead seeks to deprive women of their individuality in order to make them docile carriers of the next generation. Throughout the entire text of The Handmaid’s Tale, the ruling totalitarian government does what is in its power to attempt to isolate women from society. Not only do are the women isolated from society in terms of sexual contact (or any contact, for that matter), with men, but they are also individualized within the gender itself and separated from each other. Evidence of this isolation is available throughout the novel in different levels. The first level, perhaps the harshest, is the division of genders, with women like the Handmaids unable to communicate with unmarried men. Offred’s separation from men is apparent when she compares herself to the â€Å"power of a dog bone† (29), but the bone is â€Å"held out of reach† (29). This depicts how there is a strict gender division that disallows them to even communicate with each other, much less have sex. For the Angels, they are not even allowed to look at the so-called dog bone. When we are first introduced to the idea of the Angels, Offred mentions that the Angels must stand outside of the gymnasium â€Å"with their backs to us† (10). Offred wishes that they would only look at her and if only â€Å"something could be exchanged† (10). The guards of the complex Offred is held in at the beginning of the novel aren’t even allowed inside it. With the men not allowed in the Red Center and the women now allowed outside of it, they are each isolated from each other.

Food and Street Foods Essay

Introduction Bulacan was officially called â€Å"Bulacan Province†, is a first class province of the Republic of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon Region (Region 3) in the island of Luzon, North of Manila (the nation’s capital), and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region. Bulacan pries itself for its rich historical heritage. Bulacan has fast become an ideal tourist destination, owing to its vital role in Philippine history, and its rich heritage in culture and the arts. The province is popularly known for its historical sites; nostalgic old houses and churches; idyllic ecological attractions; religious attractions; colorful and enchanting festivals; swimming and various themed attractions; and a wide selection of elegant native crafts and sumptuous delicacies. It is also home to numerous resorts, hotels, restaurants, and other recreational facilities. (Wikipedia). The briskness of Street foods in Bulacan can be measured by the long queue of consumers’ everyday in the food outlets in strategic places where street foods like: â€Å"lugaw† or Rice Porridge, goto, mami, fish balls, barbecued banana, salted peanuts and chicken pops. (Toledo, 1988) Street Foods is a â€Å"Survival Meals†, maybe because it satisfies the gustatory sense for a temporary period of time. (Soledad Leynes, 1986) In such case, eating away from home due to the changes in occupation and activities created a demand for cooked meals and snacks at a cheaper and affordable price that are served quickly. Dual career, parents and small families who really have no time to prepare their meals at home resort to street foods for convenience. These people seem not to care for the food source whether it comes from the legitimate food merchants or from the informal sector, otherwise called black market. (Soledad Leynes, 1986) Street foods, whether snacks or meals are affordable and always available, which are very popular among the low income households to a large extent and increasingly a daily fare among the middle income groups. Households with working mothers are afforded ready to eat meals without the burden of cooking at home. Street food caters to the needs of the urban poor population by making food readily available and at low cost. Thus, street food vending is a traditional activity which can be considered a coping mechanism of the urban poor. Street foods are ready-to-eat foods and beverages prepared and/or sold by vendors or hawkers especially in the streets and other similar places. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) They represent a significant part of urban food consumption for millions of low-and-middle-income consumers, in urban areas on a daily basis. Street foods may be the least expensive and most accessible means of obtaining a nutritionally balanced meal outside the home for many low income people, provided that the consumer is informed and able to choose the proper combination of foods. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Statement of the Problem. This study was conducted to assess the Quality of Food Products of Street foods sold by the ambulant vendors along the busy streets and sidewalks of Bulacan. 1. What is the status of the ambulant vendors of Bulacan in terms of: 2. 1. Gender 2. 2. Age 2. 3. Civil Status 2. 4. Income 2. 5. Family size 2. 6. Educational attainment 2. What is the nutritional quality of food products sold by the ambulant vendors in Bulacan in terms of: 3. 7. Food Supply 3. 8. Food Preparation 3. 9. Food Handling 3. What orientation program could be proposed to the ambulant vendors to improve the nutritional quality and safety of the food?

Johnson Matthey Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Johnson Matthey - Case Study Example 14 Consolidated Income Statement 15 Consolidated and Parent Company Cash Flow Statements 16 PART A: Financial Analysis 1. Company Summary Johnson Matthey is a speciality chemicals company. Focusing on its core skills in catalysts, fine chemicals and precious metals, the company's main activities are organized through its Environmental Technologies, Precious Metals and Fine Chemicals & Catalysts Divisions. Johnson Matthey manufactures catalysts, pollution control systems, and fine chemicals, engages in the refining and fabrication of precious metals and produces active pharmaceutical ingredients (Annual Report, 2009). Important strategic acquisitions are: the acquisition of Argillon Group in February 2008; the selling of non-core Insulators and Alumina businesses to Lapp Insulator GmbH & Co in November 2008; the acquisition of the 49% Alfa Aesar China Limited in March 2009 (Google Finance, 2009) The common stock trades on the London Stock Exchange (LSE: JMAT.L). 2. Strategic Objectives (Annual Report, 2009) For 2009/2010, Johnson Matthey's strategic objective is to generate consistent growth in earnings by developing high added value products and services. The company aims at further supporting R&D and financing organic growth. Although opportunities for growth are on the agenda, the company plans on reducing capital expenditure to generate more cash. The group's financial objectives are: achieving constant and above average growth in earnings per share; achieving an ROI above the group's cost of capital; achieving a 20% ROA for all its divisions; maximizing dividends in line with earnings to ensure sufficient funds are retained to support organic growth The priorities given in strategic direction are: Focusing on its core skills in the... The paper concludes that Johnson Matthey's financial statements are clearly structured, facilitating the company's financial analysis. Also, non-financial statements communicate the group's quality, innovation and efficiency to shareholders in a comprehensive way that identifies the company's strategic objectives. Johnson Matthey is a speciality chemicals company. Focusing on its core skills in catalysts, fine chemicals and precious metals, the company's main activities are organized through its Environmental Technologies, Precious Metals and Fine Chemicals & Catalysts Divisions. Johnson Matthey manufactures catalysts, pollution control systems, and fine chemicals, engages in the refining and fabrication of precious metals and produces active pharmaceutical ingredients (Annual Report, 2009). Important strategic acquisitions are: the acquisition of Argillon Group in February 2008; the selling of non-core Insulators and Alumina businesses to Lapp Insulator GmbH & Co in November 2008; the acquisition of the 49% Alfa Aesar China Limited in March 2009 (Google Finance, 2009) For the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009, Johnson Matthey's revenues increased 4.66% to 7,847.8m.

Discussion Board on Beverage Reverse Logistics Coursework

Discussion Board on Beverage Reverse Logistics - Coursework Example In an argument by Madaan & Wadhwa (2007) reverse logistics provide an organization with massive inventory that require to be handled before they could be released back to the market or appropriately disposed. In addition, this process significantly increases the expenditure cost of an organization. Handling the massive product and adjusting expenditure costs is a significant implementation challenge. Mollenkopf, Russo & Frankel (2007) assert that developing product handling techniques is a major problem in reverse logistics. In the beverage industry, product may be prone to breakages. Products returned from consumers may be packed ineffectively to withstand the transportation process. In an instance where the organization seeks to refurbish a product, the damages would hinder the process of remanufacturing to its desired market shape (Mollenkopf, Russo & Frankel, 2007). Generally, major problems in the implementation process of reverse logistics are from the cost incurred in product handing and transportation from the source to the company. Massive costs are also incurred in evaluating the changes required on the product to design a market desired final product. This is a major problem considering that products are required to be at a shape that can deliver the reverse logistics objectives of an

Clinical update on the most effective sequence to first responding to Essay

Clinical update on the most effective sequence to first responding to unresponsive patient for optimal patient outcomes - Essay Example This should be done to the patient so that the unresponding patient can be revived from the coma state. The cause of unresponsive state of the patient is mainly caused by the low blood supply in the body of the individual which is insufficient to reach to the brain and to the heart thereby causing the individual to be unresponsive or otherwise faint. Throughout the study, some practices should not be done to the patient for example slapping the patient , giving of drink and food to the patient who is unresponsive should not be done among others will lead to other complications. When a patient is not responding or unconsciousness, it is impossible for one to talk or do any activity and this is commonly known to be a coma state or in other word comatose state. It is important for one to be aware of do’s and don’ts concerning the patient either a grown up or a child. Other patients have changes in awareness where they do not become unconscious where their mind is altered thus being termed as altered mental status or changed mental status. The patient becomes confused leading to yelling, production of foam from the mouth among others. The change of mental status should be treated as a medical emergency since it is a condition that can lead to death in a quicker manner (Cooke, 2009). In other times the patient may be awake but less alert where if asked questions like their name may lead to inability to answer the questions which indicate a change in the mental status. When a asleep, the patient can respond to noise and other disturbances like shak ing of their head or hands thus leading to waking up but in the case of an individual who is not responding or otherwise who is in unconscious mood the individual will not cough or clear his or her throat. This condition can lead to death if care and other medical attention are not conducted quickly since in most cases the patient airway may be blocked thus leading to instant death if first aid is not

MGT506 - Strategic Leadership, Mod 4 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT506 - Strategic Leadership, Mod 4 SLP - Essay Example Among the leadership styles employed may include; task oriented, relationship oriented, dictatorship, and transactional, transformational, charismatic, participative and bureaucratic style of leadership (Lussier & Achua, 2010). This study will focus on both task and relationship styles of leadership. Below is a survey results indicating task Verses Relationship leadership style of leadership Questions Never†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Always 1. Tells group members what they are supposed to do. 2. Sets standards for performance of the group. 3. Makes suggestion about how to solve the problem. 4. Makes his or her perspective clear to others 5. Develop a plan of actions for the group. 6. Defines roles responsibility for each member 7. Clarifies his or her own role within the group 8. Provides a plan for how the work is to be done 9. Provides criteria for what is expected of the group 10. Encourage group members to do high-quality work. 1 2 3 5 1 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 1 3 4 5 1 2 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 Total score for â€Å"A† orientation 4+2+1+2+3+1+1+5+2+3=26 =26 Scores Questions Never†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Always 11. Act friendly with members of the group. 12. Helps others feel comfortable the group. 13. Responds favorably to responses made by others. 14. Treats others fairly. 15. Behaves in a predictable manner towards group members. 16. Communicates effectively with group members. 17. Shows concern for well-being of others. 18. Shows flexibility in making decisions. 19. Disclose thoughts and feelings to group members. 20. Helps group members to get a long. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5 1 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5 1 2 3 5 1 2 4 5 1 2 3 4 Total score for â€Å"B† orientation 5+4+5+4+2+5+4+4+3+5= = 41 Scores A =  Task  Orientation Scores: 26 B =  Relationship  Orientation Scores: 41 Scale 45-50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very high range 40-44  High range 35-39 moderately high range 30-34 moderately low range 25 -29  Low range 10-24  Very low range Analysis Based on the above survey, the scores indicates that task oriented leadership stand at 26 score while relationship oriented leadership style stands at 41 score. This indicates that the scores for relationship oriented style were within a scale of 40-44 (high range) while on the other hand, the scores for task oriented leadership lies within a scale of 25-29 (low range). This means that the leaders of this organization utilized relationship focus type of leadership. Where, leaders help members of the organization to understand their roles by providing them with necessary support as well as organizing how task will be executed (Daft & Lane, 2008). This means that this type of leadership not only encourages integration but also collaboration among team members (Daft & Lane, 2008). Therefore, the above results will be utilized by the leaders of this organization to strike a balance between task and relationship in order to become more ef ficient and effective in their future leadership. This is because both task and relationship oriented leadership styles complement each other (Goethals, Sorenson & Burns, 2004). For example, employees feel motivated to execute organization goals when treated with care and concern (Goethals, Sorenson & Burns, 2004). This may further leads to an increase in productivity and efficiency within an organization (Bolden, Gosling, Marturano & Dennison, 2003). Therefore, leaders should focus on relationship oriented type of leadership